We smoked silently for a long minute.

"Ye see," he went on slowly, "Maggie was a bonny la.s.sie and I liked to kiss and cuddle her, but kissin" and cuddlin" are a very sma" part o"

marriage, dominie. There was something in Maggie that I was aye lookin" for, but cud never find. Aye, I tried to find it in other la.s.sies, but I never fund it."

"What was it you wanted to find, Dauvit?"

Dauvit paused.

"Ye micht call it a soul," he said. "Oh, aye," he went on, "Maggie was a bonny la.s.sie wi" a heart o" gold, but she hadna a soul. Wud ye like to ken what stoppit me speerin" her that nicht as we cam through Zoar?

Man, I said to mysel: When we come to the toll bar I"ll tak Maggie in my arms and say: "Maggie, I want ye, la.s.sie!""

He had to light his pipe here.

"Weelaweel, we got to the toll bar and I said: "Maggie, we"ll sit doon on the bank for a while." So we sat doon, and I was just tryin" to screw up my courage when she pointed to the settin" sun. "I"d like a dress like that, only bonnier," she said. Man, dominie, I looked at that sunset wi" its gold and purple . . . and syne I kent that Maggie was nae wife for me. I kent that she had nae soul."

After a time I remarked: "And so, Dauvit, you are a bachelor because you were a poet!"

He busied himself with the paper sole.

"Maggie married Bob Wilson the farmer o" East Mains. Aye, and the marriage turned oot a happy one, for Bob never rose abune neeps and tatties in his life." Dauvit sighed. "But I sometimes used to look at the twa o" them when their bairns were roond their knees, and syne I used to gie a big _Dawm!_ and ging back to my wee hoose and mak my ain tea."

"It doesna pay to hae a soul, dominie," he added with a short laugh.

"Perhaps you could have given her a soul, Dauvit," I said.

He shook his head with decision.

"Na, dominie, a soul is something ye"re born wi"; if it isna there it canna be put there. You say that I"m a poet, and you may be richt; there may be a wee bit o" the artist in me, and ye never heard o" an artist that was happily married. Wumman and art are opposites, and a man canna marry both."

"That is true, Dauvit. But art is the feminine side of a man"s nature; it is the woman in him . . . and the woman is superfluous to him, for she becomes the rival of the woman in himself."

This thought impressed Dauvit.

"Noo I understand Rabbie Burns," he cried. "Rabbie cudna love a wumman because he loved the wumman in himsel. She was the wife that bore his bairns--his poems." He paused, and a pained look came to his face.

"There may be a poet in me, dominie," he said ruefully, "but she has borne me nae bairns. I am ane o" the mute inglorious Miltons . . . and I wud ha" been better if I had married Maggie and talked aboot neeps and tatties a" my life."

"You couldn"t have done it, Dauvit," I said as I rose to go.

From the door I looked back at the old man as he stared at the fender.

One of the a.n.a.lysts says that the flirt is suffering from a mother complex. He has never got over his infantile love for his mother, and he is always trying to find the mother again in women. Hence he is like a bee, sipping at one flower and then flying on to another.

I suspect that many a bachelor is a bachelor because his early love is fixed on the mother. Few mothers realise the danger of coddling their children. I have heard grown men dying in pain call on their mothers.

It is a hard task for parents, but they must always try to break their children"s fixation upon them.

Women having father-complexes are common. The other day I met a girl who had no interest in young men; all her interest was in men with beards. No matter what the conversation was about she managed to mention her father. . . "Father says!" She will probably marry a man twice her age. It is well-known that boys of seventeen often fall in love with women of thirty, while adolescent girls usually fall in love with men of thirty. They are not really in love; they are looking for a subst.i.tute for the mother or father.

The psychology of the man of forty who falls in love with the girl of sixteen is more difficult to grasp. I think that in most cases the man"s love interest is fixed away back in childhood; often the girl of sixteen is a subst.i.tute for a beloved sister. Perhaps on the other hand, a man of forty"s paternal instinct has been starved so long that he wants to find at once a wife and a child.

Few of us realise how much of our love interest is fixed in the past.

Think of the men who want to be mothered by their wives . . . they generally address their wives as "Mother." I know happily married men who are psychically children; "mother" won"t allow them to carry coals or wash dishes or brush clothes; she treats them as they unconsciously desire to be treated--as babes.

It may be that Dauvit has a strong mother complex. He often talks of his mother, and more than once I have heard him say that she was the best woman he had ever known. It may be that he was unconsciously looking for the mother in Maggie and the other girls, and failed to find her. Maggie"s remark about the sunset and the dress was not enough to stifle his love declaration. The soul he longed to find in Maggie may have been the soul of the mother he knew as an infant . . .

the soul of his ideal woman.

The more I see of men the less importance I pay to their conscious reasons for att.i.tudes. "I hate Brown; he never washes"; "I dislike Mrs. Smith; she uses bad language." "Murphy is a rotter; he has no manners." Statements like these are rationalisations; the real reason for the dislike lies deeper in every case.

VI

The law courts have re-introduced flogging for criminals. To the best of my knowledge no member of the law profession has protested. If there is a reform movement within the law I never heard of it.

The curse of law is that it works according to precedent, and it is therefore conservative. Our judges hand out sentences in blissful ignorance of later psychology. Last week a boy of eleven was birched for holding up another boy of nine on the highway and demanding tuppence or his life. The att.i.tude of the bench is that fear of another flogging will prevent that boy from turning highwayman again.

I admit that fear will cure him of that special vice, but what the bench does not know is that the boy"s anti-social energy will take another form. Every act of man is prompted by a wish, and very often this wish is unconscious. And all the birching in the world will not destroy a wish; the most it can do is to change its form.

Without an a.n.a.lysis of the boy no one can tell what unconscious wish impelled him to turn highwayman, but speaking generally a boy expresses his self-a.s.sertion in terms of anti-social behaviour only when his education has been bad. I believe that all juvenile delinquency is due to bad education. Our schools enforce pa.s.sivity on the child; his creative energy is bottled up. No boy who has tools and a bench to work with will express himself by smashing windows. Delinquency is merely displaced social conduct; the motive of the little boy who turned highwayman was essentially the motive of the boy who builds a boat.

Ah! but we have Industrial Schools for bad boys!

I spent an evening with an Industrial School boy of thirteen not long ago. It was an unlovely tale he told me of his life in school. I got the impression of a building half-prison, half-barracks. No one was allowed to go out unless to football matches when the school team was playing. Punishment was stern and frequent.

"One old guy, "e sends you to the boss for punishment and says you gave "im an insubordinate look, and you ain"t allowed to deny wot "e says."

"Look here, Jim," I said, "suppose I took you to a free school to-morrow, a school where you could do what you liked, what"s the first thing you would do?"

A wild look came into his eyes.

"I"d lay out the blarsted staff," he said tensely.

"But," I laughed, "what would be the point of laying me out if I gave you freedom? What have you got against _me_?"

"Oh," he said, "I thought you meant if I got freedom in the Industrial School!"

That school is condemned; if a school produces one boy who hates and fears its teachers, it is a bad school.

I think of the other way, the Homer Lane way.

Homer Lane was superintendent of the little Commonwealth in Dorset. He attended the juvenile courts and begged the magistrates to hand over to him the worst cases they had. He took the children down to Dorset and gave them freedom. He refused to lay down any laws, and naturally the beginning of the Commonwealth was chaos. Lane joined in the anti-social behaviour; he became one of the gang. When the citizens thought that their best way of expressing themselves was to smash windows, Lane helped them to smash them. His marvellous psychological insight will best be ill.u.s.trated by the story of Jabez.

Jabez was a thoroughly bad character; he had been thief and highwayman, a bully who could fight with science. He came to the Commonwealth and was astonished. He found boys and girls working hard all day, and making their own laws at their citizen meetings at night. Jabez could not understand it, and not understanding he felt hostile.

The citizens lived in cottages, and one night Lane went over to the cottage in which Jabez lived. They were having tea, and Lane sat down beside Jabez.

"What are you always grousing about, Jabez?" he asked. "Don"t you like the Commonwealth?"