{78b} Strained glosses and interpretations of the simple text.

{79a} Images in churches.

{79b} The locking up of the Gospel in the original Greek or in the Latin of the Vulgate, and forbidding its diffusion in the language of the people.

{80a} The Pope"s bulls and decretals, issued by his paternal authority, that must determine questions of interpretation and tradition, or else many absurd things would follow.

{80b} Constantine the Great, from whom the Church of Rome was said to have received the donation of St. Peter"s patrimony, and first derived the wealth described by our old Reformers as "the fatal gift of Constantine."

{84a} See Wotton "Of Ancient and Modern Learning."--S.

{84b} Satire and panegyric upon critics.--S.

{85} Vide excerpta ex eo apud Photium--S.

{86} "Near Helicon and round the learned hill Grow trees whose blossoms with their odour kill."--Hawkesworth.

{88} A quotation after the manner of a great author. Vide Bentley"s "Dissertation," &c.--S.

{89} "And how they"re disappointed when they"re pleased."-- Congreve, quoted by Pate.

{95} Refusing the cup of sacrament to the laity. Thomas Warton observes on the following pa.s.sage its close resemblance to the speech of Panurge in Rabelais, and says that Swift formed himself upon Rabelais.

{96} Transubstantiation.

{98a} The Reformation.

{98b} The cross (in hoc signo vinces). Pieces of the wood said to be part of it were many in the churches.

{98c} One miracle to be believed was that the Chapel of Loretto travelled from the Holy Land to Italy.

{99a} Made a true copy of the Bible in the language of the people.

{99b} Gave the cup to the laity.

{99c} Allowed marriages of priests.

{102a} Homerus omnes res humanas poematis complexus est.--Xenophon in Conviv.--S.

{102b} A treatise written about fifty years ago by a Welsh gentleman of Cambridge. His name, as I remember, Vaughan, as appears by the answer to it by the learned Dr. Henry More. It is a piece of the most unintelligible fustian that perhaps was ever published in any language.--S. This piece was by the brother of Henry Vaughan, the poet.

{110} After the changes made by Martin that transformed the Church of Rome into the Church of England, Jack"s proceedings made a rent from top to bottom by the separation of the Presbyterians from the Church Establishment.

{111a} The galleries over the piazzas in the old Royal Exchange were formerly filled with shops, kept chiefly by women.

Ill.u.s.trations of this feature in London life are to be found in Dekker"s "Shoemaker"s Holiday," and other plays.

{111b} The contraction of the word mobile to mob first appeared in the time of Charles the Second.

{112} Jack the Bald, Calvin, from calvus, bald; Jack with a Lanthorn, professing inward lights, Quakers; Dutch Jack, Jack of Leyden, Anabaptists; French Hugh, the Huguenots; Tom the Beggar, the Gueuses of Flanders; Knocking Jack of the North, John Knox of Scotland. AEolists pretenders to inspiration.

{116} Herodotus, 1. 4.--S.

{119a} Bombast von Hohenheim--Paracelsus.

{119b} Fanatical preachers of rebellion.

{120} Pausanias, 1. 8.--S.

{122} The Quakers allowed women to preach.

{123} The worshippers of wind or air found their evil spirits in the chameleon, by which it was eaten, and the windmill, Moulin-a- vent, by whose four hands it was beaten.

{126a} Henry IV. of France.

{126b} Ravaillac, who stabbed Henry IV.

{127a} Swift"s contemporary, Louis XIV. of France.

{127b} Western civet. Paracelsus was said to have endeavoured to extract a perfume from human excrement that might become as fashionable as civet from the cat. It was called zibeta occidentalis, the back being, according to Paracelsus, the western part of the body.

{129} Ep. Fam. vii. 10, to Trebatius, who, as the next sentence in the letter shows, had not gone into England.

{135} A lawyer"s coach-hire.--S.

{136} The College of Physicians.

{140} The bad critics.

{142} A name under which Thomas Vaughan wrote.

{145a} Revelations xxii. 11: "He which is filthy, let him be filthy still;" "phrase of the will," being Scripture phrase, of either Testament, applied to every occasion, and often in the most unbecoming manner.

{145b} He did not kneel when he received the Sacrament.

{146a} His inward lights.

{146b} Predestination.

{147a} Vide Don Quixote.--S.

{147b} Swift borrowed this from the customs of Moronia--Fool"s Land--in Joseph Hall"s Mundus Alter et Idem.

{148a} The Presbyterians objected to church-music, and had no organs in their meeting-houses.

{148b} Opposed to the decoration of church walls.

{148c} Baptism by immersion.