"Ah!" said the Altrurian, as if he did not quite follow this joking; and, to tell the truth, I never find the personal thing in very good taste.

"You will understand, then, how extremely difficult it is for me to imagine a condition of things like yours--although I have it under my very eyes--where the money consideration is the first consideration."

"Oh, excuse me," urged the minister; "I don"t think that"s quite the case."

"I beg your pardon," said the Altrurian, sweetly; "you can see how easily I go astray."

"Why, I don"t know," the banker interposed, "that you are so far out in what you say. If you had said that money was always the first motive, I should have been inclined to dispute you, too; but when you say that money is the first consideration, I think you are quite right. Unless a man secures his financial basis for his work, he can"t do his work. It"s nonsense to pretend otherwise. So the money consideration is the first consideration. People here have to live by their work, and to live they must have money. Of course, we all recognize a difference in the qualities, as well as in the kinds, of work. The work of the laborer may be roughly defined as the necessity of his life; the work of the business man as the means, and the work of the artist and scientist as the end.

We might refine upon these definitions and make them closer, but they will serve for ill.u.s.tration as they are. I don"t think there can be any question as to which is the highest kind of work; some truths are self-evident. He is a fortunate man whose work is an end, and every business man sees this, and owns it to himself, at least when he meets some man of an aesthetic or scientific occupation. He knows that this luckier fellow has a joy in his work which he can never feel in business; that his success in it can never be embittered by the thought that it is the failure of another; that if he does it well, it is pure good; that there cannot be any compet.i.tion in it--there can be only a n.o.ble emulation, as far as the work itself is concerned. He can always look up to his work, for it is something above him; and a business man often has to look down upon his business, for it is often beneath him, unless he is a pretty low fellow."

I listened to all this in surprise; I knew that the banker was a cultivated man, a man of university training, and that he was a reader and a thinker; but he had always kept a certain reserve in his talk, which he now seemed to have thrown aside for the sake of the Altrurian, or because the subject had a charm that lured him out of himself. "Well, now," he continued, "the question is of the money consideration, which is the first consideration with us all: does it, or doesn"t it degrade the work, which is the life, of those among us whose work is the highest? I understand that this is the misgiving which troubles you in view of our conditions?"

The Altrurian a.s.sented, and I thought it a proof of the banker"s innate delicacy that he did not refer the matter, so far as it concerned the aesthetic life and work, to me; I was afraid he was going to do so. But he courteously proposed to keep the question impersonal, and he went on to consider it himself: "Well, I don"t suppose any one can satisfy you fully.

But I should say that it put such men under a double strain, and perhaps that is the reason why so many of them break down in a calling that is certainly far less exhausting than business. On one side, the artist is kept to the level of the working-man, of the animal, of the creature whose sole affair is to get something to eat and somewhere to sleep. This is through his necessity. On the other side, he is exalted to the height of beings who have no concern but with the excellence of their work, which they were born and divinely authorized to do. This is through his purpose.

Between the two, I should say that he got mixed, and that his work shows it."

None of the others said anything, and, since I had not been personally appealed to, I felt the freer to speak. "If you will suppose me to be speaking from observation rather than experience--" I began.

"By all means," said the banker, "go on;" and the rest made haste in various forms to yield me the word.

"I should say that such a man certainly got mixed, but that his work kept itself pure from the money consideration, as it were, in spite of him. A painter or actor, or even a novelist, is glad to get all he can for his work, and, such is our fallen nature, he does get all he knows how to get: but, when he has once fairly pa.s.sed into his work, he loses himself in it.

He does not think whether it will pay or not, whether it will be popular or not, but whether he can make it good or not."

"Well, that is conceivable," said the banker. "But wouldn"t he rather do something he would get less for, if he could afford it, than the thing he knows he will get more for? Doesn"t the money consideration influence his choice of subject?"

"Oddly enough, I don"t believe it does," I answered, after a moment"s reflection. "A man makes his choice once for all when he embraces the aesthetic life, or, rather, it is made for him; no other life seems possible. I know there is a general belief that an artist does the kind of thing he has made go because it pays; but this only shows the prevalence of business ideals. If he did not love to do the thing he does, he could not do it well, no matter how richly it paid."

"I am glad to hear it," said the banker, and he added to the Altrurian: "So, you see, we are not so bad as one would think. We are illogically better, in fact."

"Yes," the other a.s.sented. "I knew something of your literature as well as your conditions before I left home, and I perceived that by some anomaly the one was not tainted by the other. It is a miraculous proof of the divine mission of the poet."

"And the popular novelist," the lawyer whispered in my ear, but loud enough for the rest to hear, and they all testified their amus.e.m.e.nt at my cost.

The Altrurian, with his weak sense of humor, pa.s.sed the joke. "It shows no signs of corruption from greed, but I can"t help thinking that, fine as it is, it might have been much finer if the authors who produced it had been absolutely freed to their work, and had never felt the spur of need."

"Are they absolutely freed to it in Altruria?" asked the professor. "I understood you that everybody had to work for his living in Altruria."

"That is a mistake. n.o.body works for his living in Altruria; he works for others" living."

"Ah, that is precisely what our working-men object to doing here," said the manufacturer. "In that last interview of mine with the walking delegate he had the impudence to ask me why my men should work for my living as well as their own."

"He couldn"t imagine that you were giving them the work to do--the very means of life," said the professor.

"Oh no, that"s the last thing those fellows want to think of."

"Perhaps," the Altrurian suggested, "they might not have found it such a hardship to work for your living if their own had been a.s.sured, as it is with us. If you will excuse my saying it, we should think it monstrous in Altruria for any man to have another"s means of life in his power; and in our condition it is hardly imaginable. Do you really have it in your power to take away a man"s opportunity to earn a living?"

The manufacturer laughed uneasily. "It is in my power to take away his life; but I don"t habitually shoot my fellow-men, and I never dismissed a man yet without good reason."

"Oh, I beg your pardon," said the Altrurian. "I didn"t dream of accusing you of such inhumanity. But, you see, our whole system is so very different that, as I said, it is hard for me to conceive of yours, and I am very curious to understand its workings. If you shot your fellow-man, as you say, the law would punish you; but if, for some reason that you decided to be good, you took away his means of living, and he actually starved to death--"

"Then the law would have nothing to do with it," the professor replied for the manufacturer, who did not seem ready to answer. "But that is not the way things fall out. The man would be supported in idleness, probably, till he got another job, by his union, which would take the matter up."

"But I thought that our friend did not employ union labor," returned the Altrurian.

I found all this very uncomfortable, and tried to turn the talk back to a point that I felt curious about: "But in Altruria, if the literary cla.s.s is not exempt from the rule of manual labor, where do they find time and strength to write?"

"Why, you must realize that our manual labor is never engrossing or exhausting. It is no more than is necessary to keep the body in health. I do not see how you remain well here, you people of sedentary occupations."

"Oh, we all take some sort of exercise. We walk several hours a day, or we row, or we ride a bicycle, or a horse, or we fence."

"But to us," returned the Altrurian, with a growing frankness which nothing but the sweetness of his manner would have excused, "exercise for exercise would appear stupid. The barren expenditure of force that began and ended in itself, and produced nothing, we should--if you will excuse my saying so--look upon as childish, if not insane or immoral."

V

At this moment the lady who had hailed me so gayly from the top of the coach while I stood waiting for the Altrurian to help the porter with the baggage, just after the arrival of the train, came up with her husband to our little group and said to me: "I want to introduce my husband to you.

He adores your books." She went on much longer to this effect, while the other men grinned round and her husband tried to look as if it were all true, and her eyes wandered to the Altrurian, who listened gravely. I knew perfectly well that she was using her husband"s zeal for my fiction to make me present my friend; but I did not mind that, and I introduced him to both of them. She took possession of him at once and began walking him off down the piazza, while her husband remained with me, and the members of our late conference drifted apart. I was not sorry to have it broken up for the present; it seemed to me that it had lasted quite long enough, and I lighted a cigar with the husband, and we strolled together in the direction his wife had taken.

He began, apparently in compliment to literature in my person: "Yes, I like to have a book where I can get at it when we"re not going out to the theatre, and I want to quiet my mind down after business. I don"t care much what the book is; my wife reads to me till I drop off, and then she finishes the book herself and tells me the rest of the story. You see, business takes it out of you so! Well, I let my wife do most of the reading, anyway. She knows pretty much everything that"s going in that line. We haven"t got any children, and it occupies her mind. She"s up to all sorts of things--she"s artistic, and she"s musical, and she"s dramatic, and she"s literary. Well, I like to have her. Women are funny, anyway."

He was a good-looking, good-natured, average American of the money-making type; I believe he was some sort of a broker, but I do not quite know what his business was. As we walked up and down the piazza, keeping a discreet little distance from the corner where his wife had run off to with her capture, he said he wished he could get more time with her in the summer--but he supposed I knew what business was. He was glad she could have the rest, anyway; she needed it.

"By-the-way," he asked, "who is this friend of yours? The women are all crazy about him, and it"s been an even thing between my wife and Miss Groundsel which would fetch him first. But I"ll bet on my wife every time, when it comes to a thing like that. He"s a good-looking fellow--some kind of foreigner, I believe; pretty eccentric, too, I guess. Where is Altruria, anyway?"

I told him, and he said: "Oh yes. Well, if we are going to restrict immigration, I suppose we sha"n"t see many more Altrurians, and we"d better make the most of this one. Heigh?"

I do not know why this innocent pleasantry piqued me to say: "If I understand the Altrurians, my dear fellow, nothing could induce them to emigrate to America. As far as I can make out, they would regard it very much as we should regard settling among the Eskimos."

"Is that so?" asked my new acquaintance, with perfect good temper. "Why?"

"Really, I can"t say, and I don"t know that I"ve explicit authority for my statement."

"They are worse than the English used to be," he went on. "I didn"t know that there were any foreigners who looked at us in that light now. I thought the war settled all that."

I sighed. "There are a good many things that the war didn"t settle so definitely as we"ve been used to thinking, I"m afraid. But, for that matter, I fancy an Altrurian would regard the English as a little lower in the scale of savagery than ourselves even."

"Is that so? Well, that"s pretty good on the English, anyway," said my companion, and he laughed with an easy satisfaction that I envied him.

"My dear!" his wife called to him from where she was sitting with the Altrurian, "I wish you would go for my shawl. I begin to feel the air a little."

"I"ll go if you"ll tell me where," he said, and he confided to me, "Never knows where her shawl is one-quarter of the time."

"Well, I think I left it in the office somewhere. You might ask at the desk; or perhaps it"s in the rack by the dining-room door--or maybe up in our room."

"I thought so," said her husband, with another glance at me, as if it were the greatest fun in the world, and he started amiably off.

I went and took a chair by the lady and the Altrurian, and she began at once: "Oh, I"m so glad you"ve come! I have been trying to enlighten Mr.