"But how is one ever to act at all," said Vincent, "if one is always to be feeling that a principle may turn out to be nonsense after all?"

"Well, I think action is mainly a matter of instinct," said Father Payne.

"But I don"t really believe in taking too diffuse a view of things in general. Very few of us are strong enough and wise enough, let me say, to read the papers with any profit. The newspapers emphasize the disunion of the world, and I believe in its solidarity. Come, I"ll tell you how I think people ought really to live, if you like. I think a man ought to live his own life, without attempting too much reference to what is going on in the world. I think it becomes pretty plain to most of us, by the time we reach years of discretion, what we can do and what we cannot. I don"t mean that life ought to be lived in blank selfishness, without reference to anyone else. Most of us can"t do that, anyhow--it requires extraordinary concentration of will. But I think that our lives ought to be intensive--that is to say, I don"t think we ought to concern ourselves with getting rid of our deficiencies, so much as by concentrating and emphasizing our powers and faculties. We ought all of us to have a certain circle in mind--I believe very much in _circles_. We are very much limited, and our power of affecting people for good and evil is very small; our chance of helping is small. The moment we try to extend our circle very much, to widen our influence, we become like a juggler who keeps a dozen plates spinning all at once--it is mere legerdemain. But we most of us live really with about a score of people. We can"t choose our circle altogether, and there are generally certain persons in it whom we should wish away. I think we ought to devote ourselves to our work, whatever it is, and outside of that to getting a real, intimate, and vital understanding with the people round us. That is a problem which is amply big enough for most of us. Then I think we ought to go seriously to work, not arguing or finding fault, not pushing or shoving people about, but just living on the finest lines we can. The only real chance of converting other people to our principles or own ideas, is to live in such a way that it is obvious that our ideas bring us real and vital happiness. You may depend upon it, that is the only way to live--the _positive_ way. We simply must not quarrel with our a.s.sociates: we must be patient and sympathetic and imaginative."

"But are there no exceptions?" said I. "I have heard you say that a man must be prepared to lose friends on occasions."

"Yes," said Father Payne, "the circle shifts and changes a little, no doubt. I admit that it becomes clear occasionally that you cannot live with a particular person. But if you have alienated him or her by your censoriousness and your want of sympathy, you have to be ashamed of yourself. If it is the other way, and you are being tyrannised over, deflected, hindered, then it may be necessary to break away--though, mind you, I think it is finer still if you do not break away. But you must have your liberty, and I don"t believe in sacrificing that, because then you live an unreal life--and, whatever happens, you must not do that."

"But what is to be done when people are tied up by relationships, and can"t get away?" said I.

"Yes, there are such cases," said Father Payne; "I don"t deny it. If there is really no escape possible, then you must tackle it, and make the finest thing you can out of the situation. Fulness of life, that is what we must aim at. Of course people are hemmed in in other ways too--by health, poverty, circ.u.mstances of various kinds. But, however small your saucepan is, it ought to be on the boil."

"But can people _make_ themselves active and hopeful?" I said. "Isn"t that just the most awful problem of all, the listlessness which falls on many of us, as the limitations draw round and the net encloses us?"

"You must kick out for all you are worth," said Father Payne. "I fully admit the difficulty. But one of the best things in life is the fact that you can always do a little better than you expect. And then--you mustn"t forget G.o.d."

"But a conscious touch with G.o.d?" I said. "Isn"t that a rare thing?"

"It need not be," said Father Payne, very seriously. "If there is one thing which experience has taught me, it is this--that if you make a signal to G.o.d, it is answered. I don"t say that troubles roll away, or that you are made instantly happy. But you will find that you can struggle on. People simply don"t try that experiment. The reason why they do not is, I honestly believe, because of our services, where prayer is made so ceremoniously and elaborately that people get a false sense of dignity and reverence. It is a very natural instinct which made the disciples say, "Teach us to pray," and I do not think that ecclesiastical systems do teach people to pray--at least the examples they give are too intellectual, too much concerned with good taste. A prayer need not be a verbal thing--the best prayers are not.

It is the mute glance of an eye, the holding out of a hand. And if you ask me what can make people different, I say it is not will, but prayer."

LXVIII

OF PRAYER

I was walking about the garden on a wintry Sunday with Father Payne. He had a particular mood on Sundays, I used to think, which made itself subtly felt--a mood serious, restrained, and yet contented. I do not remember how the subject came up, but he said something about prayer, and I replied:

"I wish you would tell me exactly what you feel about prayer, Father. I never quite understand. You always speak as if it played a great part in your life, and yet I never am sure what exactly it means to you."

"You might as well say," he said, smiling, "that you never felt quite sure what breakfast meant to me."

He stopped and looked at me for a moment. "Do we know what anything _means_? We know what prayer _is_, at any rate--one of the commonest and most natural of instincts. What is your difficulty?"

"Oh, the usual one," I said, "that if the G.o.d to whom we pray is the Power which puts into our minds good desires, and knows not only what is pa.s.sing in our thoughts, but the very direction which our thoughts are going to take--reads us, in fact, like a book, as they say--what, then, is the object or purpose of setting ourselves to pray to a Power that knows our precise range of thoughts, and can disentangle them all far better than we can ourselves?"

"Why," said Father Payne, "that is pure fatalism. If you carry that on a little further it means all absence of effort. You might as well say, "I will take no steps to provide myself with food--if G.o.d is All-Powerful, and sends me a good appet.i.te, it is His business to satisfy it!"

"Oh," I said, "I see that. But if I set about providing myself with breakfast, I know exactly what I want, and have a very fair chance of obtaining it. But the essence of prayer is that you must not expect to get your desires fulfilled."

"I certainly do not pretend," said he, "that prayer is a mechanical method of getting things; it isn"t a _subst.i.tute_ for effort and action. Nor do I think that G.o.d simply withholds things unless you ask for them, as a dog has to beg for a piece of biscuit. I don"t look upon prayer as the mere formulating of a list of requests; and I dislike very much the way some good people have of getting a large number of men and women to pray for the same thing, as if you were canva.s.sing for votes. And yet I believe that prayers have a way of being granted. Indeed, I think that both the strength and the danger of prayer lies in the fact that people do very much tend to get what they have set their hearts upon. A recurrent prayer for a definite thing is often a sign that a man is working hard to secure it. It is rather perilous to desire definite things too definitely, not because you are disappointed, but because you are often successful in attaining them."

"Then that would be a reason for not praying," I said.

Father Payne gave one of his little frowns, which I knew well. "I"m not arguing for the sake of arguing, Father," I said; "I really want to understand. It seems to me such a muddle."

The little frown pa.s.sed off in a smile. "Yes, it isn"t a wholly rational thing," said Father Payne, "but it"s a natural and instinctive thing. To forbid prayer seems to me like forbidding hope and love. Prayer seems to me just a mingling of hope and desire and love and confidence. It is more like talking over your plans and desires with G.o.d. It all depends upon whether you say, "My will be done," which is the wrong sort of prayer, or "Thy will be done," which is the right sort of prayer, and infinitely harder. I don"t mind telling you this, that my prayers are an attempt to put myself in touch with the Spirit of G.o.d. I believe in G.o.d; I believe that He is trying very hard to bring men and women to live in a certain way--the right, joyful, beautiful way. He sees it clearly enough; but we are so tangled up with material things that we don"t see it clearly--we don"t see where our happiness lies; we mistake all kinds of things--pleasures, schemes, successes, comforts, desires--for happiness; and prayer seems to me like opening a sluice and letting a clear stream gush through. That"s why I believe one must set oneself to it. The sluice is not always open--we are lazy, cowardly, timid; or again, we are confident, self-satisfied, proud of our own inventiveness and resourcefulness. I don"t know what the will is or what its limitations are; but I believe it has a degree of liberty, and it can exercise that liberty in welcoming G.o.d. Of course, if we think of G.o.d as drearily moral, harsh, full of anger and disapproval, we are not likely to welcome Him; but if we feel Him full of eagerness and sympathy, of "comfort, light, and fire of love," as the old hymn says, then we desire His company. You have to prepare yourself for good company, you know. It is a bit of a strain; and I feel that the people who won"t pray are like the lazy and sloppy people who won"t put themselves out or forego their habits or take any trouble to receive a splendid guest. The difference is that the splendid guest is not to be got every day, while G.o.d is always glad of your company, I think."

"Then with you prayer isn"t a process of asking?" I said. "But isn"t it a way of changing yourself by simply trying to get your ideals clear?"

"No, no," said Father Payne; "it"s just drawing water from a well when you are thirsty. Of course you must go to the well, and let down the bucket. It isn"t a mere training of imagination; it is helping yourself to something actually there. The more you pray, the less you ask for definite things.

You become ashamed to do that. Do you remember the story of Hans Andersen, when he went to see the King of Denmark? The King made a pause at one point and looked at Andersen, and Andersen said afterwards that the King had evidently expected him to ask for a pension. "But I could not," he said. "I know I was a fool, but my heart would not let me." One can trust G.o.d to know one"s desires, and one"s heart will not let one ask for them. It is His will that you want to know--your own will that you want to surrender.

Strength, clearsightedness, simplicity--those are what flow from contact with G.o.d."

"But what do you make," I said, "of contemplative Orders of monks and nuns, who say that they specialise in prayer, and give up their whole time and energy to it?"

"Well," said Father Payne, "it"s a harmless and beautiful life; but it seems to me like abandoning yourself to one kind of rapture. Prayer seems to me a part of life, not the whole of it. You have got to use the strength given you. It is given you to do business with. It seems to me as if a man argued that because eating gave him strength, it must be a good thing to eat; and that he would therefore eat all day long. It isn"t the gaining of strength that is desirable, but the using of strength. You mustn"t sponge upon G.o.d, so to speak. And I don"t honestly believe in any life which takes you right away from life. Life is the duty of all of us; and prayer seems to me just one of the things that help one to live."

"But intercession," I said, "is there nothing in the idea that you can pray for those who cannot or will not pray for themselves?"

"I don"t know," said Father Payne. "If you love people and wish them well, and hate the thought of the evils which befall the innocent, and the overflowings of unG.o.dliness, you can"t keep that out of your prayers, of course. But I doubt very much whether one can do things vicariously. It seems to land you in difficulties; if you say, for instance, "I will inflict sufferings upon myself, that others may be spared suffering,"

logically you might go on to say, "I will enjoy myself that my enjoyment may help those who cannot enjoy." One doesn"t really know how much one"s own experience does help other people. Living with others certainly does affect them, but I don"t feel sure that isolating oneself from others does.

I think, on the whole, that everyone must take his place in a circle. We are limited by time and s.p.a.ce and matter, you know. You can know and love a dozen people; you can"t know and love a hundred thousand to much purpose. I remember when I was a boy that there was a run on a Bank where we lived.

Two of the partners went there, and did what they could. The third, a pious fellow, shut himself up in his bedroom and prayed. The Bank was saved, and he came down the next day and explained his absence by saying he had been giving them the most effectual help in his power. He thought, I believe, that he had saved the Bank; I don"t think the other two men thought so, and I am inclined to side with them. Mind, I am not deriding the idea of a vocation for intercessory prayer. I don"t know enough about the forces of the world to do that. It"s a harmless life, a beautiful life, and a hard life too, and I won"t say it is useless. But I am not convinced of its usefulness. It seems to me on a par with the artistic life, a devotion to a beautiful dream, I don"t, on the whole, believe in art for art"s sake, and I don"t think I believe in prayer for prayer"s sake. But I don"t propound my ideas as final. I think it possible--I can"t say more--that a life devoted to the absorption of beautiful impressions may affect the atmosphere of the world--we are bound up with each other behind the scenes in mysterious ways--and similarly I think that lives of contemplative prayer _may_ affect the world. I should not attempt to discourage anyone from such a vocation. But it can"t be taken for granted, and I think that a man must show cause, apart from mere inclination, why he should not live the common life of the world, and mingle with his fellows."

"Then prayer, you think," I said, "is to you just one of the natural processes of life?"

"That"s about it!" said Father Payne. "It seems to me as definite a way of getting strength and clearness of view and hope and goodness, as eating and sleeping are ways of getting strength of another kind. To neglect it is to run the risk of living a hurried, muddled, self-absorbed life. I can"t explain it, any more than I can explain eating or breathing. It just seems to me a condition of fine life, which we can practise to our help and comfort, and neglect to our hurt. I don"t think I can say more about it than that, my boy!"

LXIX

THE SHADOW

One evening, when I was sitting with Barthrop in the smoking-room and the others had gone away, he said to me suddenly, "There"s something I want to speak to you about: I have been worrying about it for some little time, and it"s a bad thing to do that. I daresay it is all nonsense, but I am bothered about the Father. I don"t think he is well, and I don"t think he thinks he is well. He is much thinner, you know, and he isn"t in good spirits. I don"t mean that he isn"t cheerful in a way, but it"s an effort to him. Now, have you noticed anything?"

I thought for a minute, and then I said, "No, I don"t think I have! He"s thinner, of course, but he joked to me about that--he said he had turned the corner, as people do, and he wasn"t going to be a pursy old party when he got older. Now that you mention it, I think he has been rather silent and abstracted lately. But then he often is that, you know, when we are all together. And in his private talks with me--and I have had several lately--he has seemed to me more tender and affectionate than usual even; not so amusing, perhaps, not bubbling over with talk, and a little more serious. If I have thought anything at all, it simply is that he is getting older."

"It may simply be that, of course," said Barthrop, looking relieved. "I suppose he is about fifty-eight or so? But I"ll tell you something else. I went in to speak to him two or three days ago. Well you know how he always seems to be doing something? He is never unoccupied indoors, though he has certainly seen less of everyone"s work of late--but that morning I found him sitting in his chair, looking out of the window, doing nothing at all; and I didn"t like his look. How can I put it? He looked like a man who was going off on a long journey--and he was tired and worn-looking--I have never seen him looking _worn_ before--as if there was a strain of some kind. There were lines about his face I hadn"t noticed before, and his eyes seemed larger and brighter. He said to me, half apologetically, "Look here, this won"t do! I"m getting lazy," Then he went on, "I was thinking, you know, about this place: it has been an experiment, and a good and happy experiment. But it hasn"t founded itself, as I hoped," I asked him what exactly he meant, and he laughed, and said: "You know I don"t believe in founding things! A place like this has got to grow up of itself, and have a life of its own. I don"t think the place has got that. I put a seed or two into the ground, but I"m not sure that they have quickened to life." Then he went on in a minute: "You will know I don"t say this conceitedly, but I think it has all depended too much on me, and I know I"m only a tiller of the ground. I don"t believe I can give life to a society--I can keep it lively, but that"s not the same thing. Something has come of my plan, to be sure, but it isn"t going to spread like a tree--and I hoped it might! But it"s no good being disappointed--that"s childish--you can"t do what you mean to do in this world, only what you are meant to do. I expect the weakness has been that I meddle too much--I don"t leave things alone enough. I trust too much to myself, and not enough to G.o.d. It"s been too much a case of "See me do it!"--as the children say.""

"What did you say?" I said.

"Nothing at all," said Barthrop; "that"s where I fail. I can"t rise to an emergency. I murmured something about our all being very grateful to him--it was awfully flat! If I could but have told him how I cared for him, and how splendid he had always been! But those perfectly true, sincere, fine things are just what one can"t say, unless one has it all written down on paper. I wish he would see a doctor, or go away for a bit; but I can"t advise him to do that--he hates a fuss about anything, and most of all about health. He says you ought never to tell people how you are feeling, because they have to pretend to be interested!"

I smiled at this, and said, "I don"t think there really is much the matter!

People can"t be always at the top of their game, and he takes a lot out of himself, of course. He"s always giving out!"

"He is indeed," said Barthrop; "but I won"t say more now. I feel better for having told you. Just you keep your eyes open--but, for Heaven"s sake, don"t watch him--you know how sharp he is."

I went off a little depressed by the talk, because it seemed so impossible to connect anything but buoyant health with Father Payne. I did not see him at breakfast, but he came in to lunch; and I saw at once that there was something amiss with him. He ate little, and he looked tired. However, as I rose to go--we did not, as I have said, talk at lunch--he just beckoned to me, and pointed with his finger in the direction of his room. It was a well-known gesture if he wanted to speak to one. I went there, and stood before the fire surveying the room, which looked unwontedly tidy, the table being almost free from books and papers. But there lay a long folded folio sheet on the table, a legal doc.u.ment, and it gave me a chill to see the word _Will_ on the top of it. Father Payne came in a moment later with a smile. Then somehow divining, as he so often did, exactly what had happened, he said, as if answering an unspoken question, "Yes, that"s my will! I have been, in fact, making it. It"s a wholesome occupation for an elderly man. But I only wanted to know if you would come for a stroll? Yes?

That"s all right! You are sure I"m not interfering with any arrangement?"

It was a late autumn day in November: the air was cold and damp, the roads wet, the hedges hung with moisture and the leaves were almost gone from the trees. "Most people don"t like this sort of day," said Father Payne, as we went out of the gate; "but I like it even better than spring. Everything seems going contentedly to sleep, like a tired child. All the plants are withdrawing into themselves, into the inner life. They have had a pleasant time, waving their banners about--but they have no use for them any more.

They are all going to be alone for a bit. Do you remember that epithet of Keats, about the "cool-rooted" flowers? That"s a bit of genius. That"s what makes the difference between people, I think--whether they are cool-rooted or not."