66 Jones and Underwood 67 In mediaeval times, there was no rule about the use of such marks for younger sons: it was only around 1500 that John Writhe, Garter King of Arms, invented a cadency system to indicate a son"s place in the family, whereby a crescent signified a second son. That rule cannot be applied to fourteenth-century heraldry, but Sandford was clearly following a well-established tradition that Henry was the second male Beaufort.

68 John of Gaunt"s Register 69 Records of the Borough of Leicester 70 Ibid.; Goodman: Katherine Swynford 71 For Kenilworth, see Ashley; Palmer; Renn; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Silva-Vigier; Joy. Kenilworth pa.s.sed to Henry IV in 1399 and remained in royal hands until 1563, when Elizabeth I granted it to her favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who built his own palatial lodgings there. In 1575, the castle was the scene of the famous and spectacular revels that were staged when the Queen visited. By the seventeenth century, it had suffered a decline, and in 1649 it was wrecked and partially dismantled by Cromwell"s soldiers. The Mere was drained at this time.

72 John of Gaunt"s Register 73 Ibid.

74 Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln 75 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Special Collections: S.C.1 76 Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln; Calendar of Patent Rolls 77 John of Gaunt"s Register 78 Ibid.

79 Ibid.; Foedera 80 Froissart 81 Ibid.; Foedera 82 Walsingham; Anonimalle Chronicle; Rose 6 "His Unspeakable Concubine"

1 Anonimalle Chronicle. For the Good Parliament, see chiefly Rotuli Parliamentorum; Walsingham; Anonimalle Chronicle 2 Walsingham 3 Goodman: Honourable Lady 4 Cited by Lindsay 5 Chandos Herald 6 Walsingham 7 Ibid.

8 Collection of All the Wills . . . , ed. Nichols 9 McFarlane; Saul 10 Walsingham 11 John of Gaunt"s Register 12 Ibid. It seems, however, that Katherine"s dues from the Sauneby holdings were not paid, for years later, the Duke wrote to his seneschal at Tickhill Castle to say that he was "fully informed that our very dear and beloved Dame Katherine de Swynford has certain sums due to her from these lands and tenements", and commanded him to recompense her in full.

13 Walsingham 14 Collection of All the Wills . . .

15 Foedera 16 Pearsall 17 Walsingham. He was the son of Henry, Baron Percy, by Mary of Lancaster, a sister of Duke Henry. Henry Percy was created Earl of Northumberland in 1377.

18 Goodman: John of Gaunt 19 Froissart 20 Anonimalle Chronicle 21 Ibid.; Duchy of Lancaster: DL.28 22 Froissart 23 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers 24 Armitage-Smith. He suggests that it was Thomas who was born in 1377.

25 Foedera 26 John of Gaunt"s Register 27 Goodman: Redoubtable Countess. I am indebted to Professor Goodman for so generously sending me a copy of the text of this fascinating lecture.

28 Calendar of Patent Rolls 29 Foedera 30 John of Gaunt"s Register; Foljambe of Osberton MSS.

31 Foedera 32 Catalogue of Seals; Joy 33 See www.trytel.com; www.rootsweb.com 34 Special Collections: S.C.1 35 McKisack; Rotuli Parliamentorum; Wedgwood; Walsingham; Holmes 36 Hardy 37 Walsingham; Froissart; Anonimalle Chronicle 38 For Wycliffe"s trial, see Walsingham; Murimuth; Tout; Holmes.

39 Stow; Walsingham 40 Anonimalle Chronicle; Walsingham 41 The others were the earldom of Chester, once held by the Black Prince but now in the hands of the Crown, and the bishopric of Durham.

42 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Goodman: John of Gaunt 43 Walsingham 44 Anonimalle Chronicle 45 John of Gaunt"s Register 46 Walsingham, for example.

47 Walsingham. The wooden effigy of Edward III may be seen in the Undercroft Museum at Westminster Abbey.

48 Ibid.

49 Anonimalle Chronicle; Calendar of Close Rolls 50 Froissart 51 Calendar of Close Rolls 52 For Richard II"s coronation, see Walsingham; Wickham Legg.

53 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 54 McKisack; Walsingham 55 Calendar of Patent Rolls 56 John of Gaunt"s Register 57 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Chancery Records: C.81 58 Barking Abbey was dissolved in 1539, and its buildings demolished. Some of its ancient fabric was incorporated into the parish church of St Margaret, which originally stood within the Abbey precincts.

59 Loftus and Chettle 60 Calendar of Patent Rolls 61 Walsingham 62 Calendar of Patent Rolls; John of Gaunt"s Register 63 G.o.dwin; Silva-Vigier 64 Rotuli Parliamentorum 65 Ibid. Soon afterwards, Alice married Sir William de Windsor. She died in obscurity in 1400.

66 Goodman: Honourable Lady 67 Ibid.; John of Gaunt"s Register 68 Knighton 69 John of Gaunt"s Register 70 Walsingham; Goodman: Katherine Swynford; Honourable Lady; Kelly: Divine Providence 71 Silva-Vigier 72 Costain 73 Knighton 74 Probably Long Stretton, a village near Leicester.

75 Records of the Borough of Leicester 76 Kelly: Divine Providence 77 Lucraft: "Missing from History"

78 Exchequer Records: E.403 79 Duchy of Lancaster Records: PL.3; Foedera 80 Armitage-Smith 81 Exchequer Records: E.403; Foedera; John of Gaunt"s Register; Duchy of Lancaster Records: PL.3 82 Walsingham 83 Cited by Tuchman 84 Armitage-Smith 85 Exchequer Records: E.101, E.401, E.403; John of Gaunt"s Register 86 John of Gaunt"s Register 87 Crow and Olsen 88 Ackroyd 89 Ibid.

90 Crow and Olsen 91 Waleys Cartulary 92 Cowling 93 Ackroyd 94 John of Gaunt"s Register 95 Goodman: Katherine Swynford 96 Knighton 97 Ibid.

98 Duchy of Lancaster Records: PL.3 99 He paid the expenses incurred in respect of the obit on 7 November (John of Gaunt"s Register).

100 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28; John of Gaunt"s Register 101 John of Gaunt"s Register 102 Richardson; Cole; Archaeological Journal, XXI 103 John of Gaunt"s Register 104 Ibid.

105 Ibid.

106 Ibid.

107 Ibid.

108 Ibid.

109 I am indebted to Joan Potton for this suggestion. The seventeenth-century antiquary, William Dugdale, stated that the Abbess Matilda herself was a daughter of Hugh and Katherine Swynford, but he was probably confusing her with Margaret Swynford. Matilda de Montagu was in fact the daughter of Edward, first Baron Montagu, and related to the earls of Salisbury. Dugdale: Monasticon 110 John of Gaunt"s Register 111 Froissart; John of Gaunt"s Register 112 John of Gaunt"s Register. Lady Mohun"s daughter Philippa later married Edward, Duke of York, the eldest son of Edmund of Langley.

113 John of Gaunt"s Register 114 Ibid.

115 Ibid.

116 Ibid.

117 Calendar of Patent Rolls 118 Lucraft: "Missing from History"

119 Deschamps; McDonald; Chute; Goodman: Honourable Lady 120 Saul; Russell 121 Froissart 122 Calendar of Patent Rolls 123 John of Gaunt"s Register; Waleys Cartulary 124 Froissart; Holmes; John of Gaunt"s Register; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.29 125 Walsingham; Rotuli Parliamentorum 126 John of Gaunt"s Register 127 Ibid.

128 Ibid. These gifts were all paid for on 6 March 1381.

129 Ibid.

130 Rotuli Parliamentorum 131 John of Gaunt"s Register. Although these gifts were paid for on 6 March at the same time as payment was made for the Duke"s New Year gifts and his wedding gift to Mary de Bohun, the wording of the entry in the Register makes it clear that they had not yet been given to their intended recipient, for they were purchased "for us to give to Dame Katherine Swynford".

132 Ibid.

133 Ibid. Sir Thomas"s name is sometimes given as Morrieux, Murrieux or Morreaux. Among John"s wedding gifts to Blanche were twelve silver spoons, twelve silver saucers, two basins with ewers and a basket with a silver lid. On 1 June 1381, John granted Thomas and Blanche Morrieux a generous annuity of 100 (37,566), the same amount he had settled on his legitimate daughter Elizabeth the previous year. Further grants and gifts to the couple, "for their good services", would follow in the years to come.

134 For Sir Thomas Morieux, see Nicolas: Controversy; Armitage-Smith; Walker.

135 Perroy: Hundred Years War; Goodman: John of Gaunt 136 Foedera 137 John of Gaunt"s Register 138 Ibid.

7 "Turning Away the Wrath of G.o.d"

1 Froissart 2 Froissart was probably exaggerating when he put the figure at 100, 000. For the Peasants" Revolt, see chiefly Walsingham; Anonimalle Chronicle; Knighton.

3 Goodman: Redoubtable Countess 4 Goodman: Honourable Lady 5 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.42, DL.29; Somerville. There is no record of the date on which John of Gaunt granted Wesenham Place to Katherine Swynford, so she may not have owned it at this time. No trace remains of the house today. I am indebted to Roger Joy for his sadly abortive searches in the Norfolk County Record Office and elsewhere in respect of Wesenham Place, and to Sean Cunningham at the National Archives, who tracked down the references to this grant in the Duchy records.

6 Goodman: Honourable Lady 7 Gower 8 Ibid.

9 Knighton 10 Many records of the Duchy of Lancaster were lost in the blaze (Calendar of Patent Rolls). For the sacking of the Savoy, see Stow: London; Westminster Chronicle; Knighton; Anonimalle Chronicle; Calendar of Patent Rolls.

11 John of Gaunt"s Register 12 Knighton 13 Anonimalle Chronicle 14 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Gardner; Brewer 15 Exchequer Records: E.37 16 Knighton; Froissart; John of Gaunt"s Register 17 Knighton 18 John of Gaunt"s Register 19 Foedera 20 Knighton; Anonimalle Chronicle; Walsingham; Froissart; Wyntoun. Percy was later to apologise to the Duke for his conduct (Anonimalle Chronicle).

21 Knighton; Anonimalle Chronicle; Walsingham 22 Knighton 23 John of Gaunt"s Register 24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 Froissart; Knighton; Walsingham; John of Gaunt"s Register; Duchy of Lancaster Records: PL.3 27 Knighton 28 Ibid.; Anonimalle Chronicle 29 Anonimalle Chronicle; Goodman: Honourable Lady; Leland: Itinerary. Nothing remains of the palace, which was a ruin by 1658. The site is now occupied by a cemetery.

30 Froissart 31 John of Gaunt"s Register. The present church of St Mary in Roecliffe was not built until 1843.

32 Ibid.

33 Walsingham 34 John of Gaunt"s Register 35 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Lucraft: "Missing from History"

36 For these grants and the termination of the wardship, see John of Gaunt"s Register. Katherine had to relinquish this wardship on 17 June 1383, because Eustacia, now married to John de Boys, had reached "full age, that is to say fourteen years or more", and John of Gaunt agreed to "turn over to her the lands and tenements formerly in our hands".

37 The Chancery is now No. 11, Minster Yard.

38 Much of this information about Katherine Swynford"s clerical neighbours in the cathedral close comes from notes taken by the author at the excellent and informative lecture on Minster Yard, which was given by the Cathedral Librarian, Dr Nicholas Bennett, at the Katherine Swynford Study Day in June 2006. Regrettably, I have not had access to the full text. Dr Bennett"s research will be a valuable addition to our knowledge of Katherine"s life at the Chancery, and hopefully it will be published in the near future too late, sadly, for this book.

39 This is the earliest brick frontage in Lincoln, and dates from c.1485.

40 For the Chancery, see Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln; Goodman: Katherine Swynford; Jones, Major, Varley and Johnson; Major; Pevsner and Harris; A Visit to the Chancery (pamphlet prepared for the annual Katherine Swynford Study Day, Lincoln Cathedral Library); Mee; Jones: Four Minster Houses; Registrum Antiquissimum.

41 Knighton 42 McKisack; Rotuli Parliamentorum 43 Walsingham; Anonimalle Chronicle; Knighton 44 John of Gaunt"s Register 45 Westminster Chronicle 46 I am indebted to Abigail Bennett and other experts in Mediaeval Latin at the University of York for translating the quitclaim deed. Roger Joy, who has made an extensive study of the subject, also believes that this quitclaim was intended to preserve the security of Katherine"s tenure of her property, but I have reached my own conclusions independently.

47 John of Gaunt"s Register. A similar gift was sent on that day to Amy de Melbourne.

48 Ibid.

49 See, for example, Perry; Lucraft: "Missing From History".

50 John of Gaunt"s Register 51 Ibid.

52 Bishop Buckingham"s Register; McFarlane; Knighton 53 Knighton 54 John of Gaunt"s Register 55 Hicks 56 Walsingham 57 Monk of Evesham; cf. Walsingham; Adam of Usk 58 Monk of Evesham 59 Walsingham 60 For Richard II, see, for example, Walsingham; Adam of Usk; Black; Schama; McHardy; Mosley; Hicks; Stow: Annals; Armitage-Smith; McDonald.

61 John of Gaunt"s Register 62 Rotuli Parliamentorum 63 Calendar of Patent Rolls 64 Harriss; Perry 65 Jane may have been the daughter of or related to Nicholas de Crophill, who was Mayor in 13489 and 13601. Her more exalted connections are revealed in a pet.i.tion of 1349 in the Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers, wherein an Alan de Crophill is referred to as the kinsman of Edward III, David II of Scotland (who had married King Edward"s sister Joan), Henry, Duke of Lancaster, and Ralph, Baron de Stafford, among other notable persons. This kinship has exercised several genealogists. Alan de Crophill was the son of Sir Ralph de Crophill, who died around 1332, by his wife Matilda, who married, as her second husband, John, Baron Verdun. Matilda, whose maiden name is not recorded, appears in the Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers as one of three persons to whom a plenary indult (an indulgence bestowed by the Pope) was granted in 1345; the others were Sir James de Pipe (or Pype) and Sir Richard de Stafford (flourished 133769), the brother of Ralph, first Earl of Stafford. Given that there must have been some a.s.sociation between these persons, it has been suggested that Matilda was Earl Ralph"s sister, but she is nowhere listed among his seven known siblings. A Matilda de Stafford is listed among Sir Richard"s children, but she could not have been born until after 1337, and as there are no other Matildas in the Stafford family tree, we can safely a.s.sume that Matilda de Crophill was not born a Stafford. Sir James Pipe, however, was certainly Ralph"s half-brother, being the son of Sir Thomas de Pipe by the Earl"s mother, Margaret Ba.s.set, widow of Sir Edmund de Stafford.

The Crophills did have a proven royal connection by marriage, but later than 1345. Sir Ralph de Crophill"s grandson (probably by a former wife), Sir John de Crophill of Sutton Bonington, Nottinghamshire, who died in 1383, married in 1371 Margery, daughter of Theobald, Baron Verdun, whose second wife had been Elizabeth de Clare, a granddaughter of Edward I and a cousin of Edward III. Thus, although the familial relationship referred to in the pet.i.tion of 1349 cannot be established, by the time Thomas Swynford married Jane Crophill in 1383, the Crophills could again claim kinship, albeit distantly, with the King. It is interesting to note that John, Baron Darcy of Knaith, is listed in the 1349 pet.i.tion as another of the men to whom Alan de Crophill was kinsman. Years later, Sir Thomas Swynford was to marry, as his second wife, Margaret Grey, the widow of Baron Darcy"s grandson. Clearly there were enduring social links between the Darcys, the Crophills and the Swynfords. www.rootsweb.com; Erdeswick; Complete Peerage; Weir: English Aristocratic Pedigrees; Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers 66 John of Gaunt"s Register 67 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Rotuli Parliamentorum; Armitage-Smith; Perry 68 Calendar of Patent Rolls 69 Higden; Monk of Evesham; Walsingham; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Armitage-Smith; Westminster Chronicle; Tuck 70 Walsingham; McKisack 71 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln 72 McHardy; Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln 73 Hill: Mediaeval Lincoln; Goodman: Katherine Swynford; Lincoln Cathedral, Dean and Chapter Muniments, Bj12/8 74 Street; Grantham House 75 Westminster Chronicle; Walsingham 76 King; Westminster Chronicle; Higden; Walsingham 77 Knighton 78 Hicks; Knighton; Walsingham 79 Ackroyd 80 Froissart; Westminster Chronicle 81 Complete Peerage; Dictionary of National Biography; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Rotuli Parliamentorum 82 Rotuli Parliamentorum; Westminster Chronicle; Froissart; Foedera 8 "The Lady of Kettlethorpe"

1 For this evidence in detail, see Armitage-Smith.

2 Leese 3 Complete Peerage; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; Weir: English Aristocratic Pedigrees. The Oxford DNB appears to have confused him with his father, another Robert Ferrers of Willisham, who was John of Gaunt"s retainer from 1378 and died in 1381. It was his son, Robert Ferrers, born around 13723, who married Joan Beaufort. The younger Robert"s mother was Elizabeth, Baroness Boteler.

4 Crow and Olsen; Lincoln Cathedral Dean and Chapter Muniments: Chapter Acts 13841394, a.2.27.f.13r 5 Walker 6 Quoted from a twelfth-century Bible in Lincoln Cathedral Library (Silva-Vigier).

7 Crow and Olsen 8 Goodman: John of Gaunt; Howard; Pearsall 9 Goodman: Honourable Lady 10 Silva-Vigier 11 Ibid.

12 Goodman: Honourable Lady 13 "Liber Benefactorum"

14 Westminster Chronicle 15 Walsingham 16 Knighton; Higden; Westminster Chronicle; "Liber Benefactorum"

17 Higden calls her "viropotens", which means, literally, "mighty".

18 Higden. Armitage-Smith judged this story too scandalous to bear repet.i.tion in English, so he quoted it in Latin.

19 Wells 20 Complete Peerage; Special Collections: S.C.8;Walsingham. He had taken, as his second wife, Philippa Mortimer, Elizabeth"s cousin.

21 Higden 22 Knighton; Eulogium; Froissart 23 Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denys; Goodman: John of Gaunt 24 Jones, Major, Varley and Johnson 25 Bishop Buckingham"s Register 26 Amcotts MSS. (VI/A/22/2) 27 Ackroyd 28 Lopes; Russell; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Honourable Lady; Dictionary of National Biography 29 Bevan 30 The year is sometimes probably incorrectly given as 1386, but this does not take account of the mediaeval calendar. In England, until 1752, the New Year officially started on Lady Day, 25 March thus 16 February 1386 should probably read 16 February 1387. To confuse matters, the Roman year began on 1 January, which was celebrated in England as New Year"s Day. Effectively there were two new years in England, 1 January and 25 March.

31 Foljambe of Osberton MSS. (Osberton Deeds, IX, I, 787) 32 Nicolas: Controversy 33 Froissart 34 Lopes. Ferno Lopes wrote a Portuguese chronicle that was commissioned by Duarte I, John of Gaunt"s grandson. Lopes wrote discreetly and admiringly of John, basing his account on the recollections of people who had known him, and his work reflects the respect in which the House of Lancaster was held in Portugal.

35 Gillespie; Begent; McDonald 36 Beltz; Silva-Vigier 37 McDonald; McHardy 38 Calendar of Patent Rolls 39 Walsingham; Lopes; Froissart 40 Froissart 41 Lopes 42 Exchequer Records: E.403; Honore-Duverge 43 Pearsall; Crow and Olsen; Brewer 44 Sometimes the dress in tomb sculptures is old-fashioned for its period, but Philippa was married to a prominent man with links to the court, and she was an honoured servant of the d.u.c.h.ess of Lancaster: hers would have been no rustic burial, and if any effigy had been made for her, it would surely have sported the mode of its own period. Some internet websites (see, for example, www.johnowensmith.co.uk) claim that Thomas Chaucer, Philippa"s son, was lord of the manor of East Worldham from 1418 to 1434, but that is incorrect. This manor was granted to the Crown in 1374, and nearly a century later it was still in the hands of Edward IV when Thomas"s daughter, Alice Chaucer, pet.i.tioned him for the restoration of lands there which she claimed had been granted to her by Henry VI. There is no evidence that the Chaucers had any earlier interests there. It is far more likely that the effigy represents a lady of the Venuz family, who held the manor of East Worldham from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. www.britishhistory.ac.uk; www.astoft.co.uk; Hampshire Record Office, Accession No. 52M70; Norris; Victoria County History: Hampshire 45 Jones: Four Minster Houses 46 Lopes 47 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Walsingham 48 Westminster Chronicle 49 Lopes 50 Foedera 51 Ibid.; Lopes; John of Gaunt"s Register 52 Goodman: John of Gaunt 53 Foedera 54 Crow and Olsen 55 Hicks 56 Froissart; Guzman; Armitage-Smith; Goodman: John of Gaunt 57 Foedera; Russell; Palmer and Powell; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Ayala; Westminster Chronicle; Perroy 58 Goodman: John of Gaunt. Lewis Recouchez was later Master of St James"s Hospital, Westminster, the leper hospital that originally stood on the site of St James"s Palace 59 Ayala; Froissart; Armitage-Smith; Russell 60 Armitage-Smith; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 61 Goodman: Honourable Lady 62 Ibid.

63 Calendar of Patent Rolls 64 Froissart; Hardyng 65 Froissart 66 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Given-Wilson and Curteis; Wylie; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 67 Given-Wilson and Curteis. His only known b.a.s.t.a.r.d son, Edmund Labourde (who died young), was born probably in 1401, when Henry had been a widower for seven years.

68 Goodman: Honourable Lady; John of Gaunt; McFarlane; Wylie; Bevan; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 69 Goodman: Redoubtable Countess 70 Foedera 71 Exchequer Records: E.403; Nicolas: Controversy 72 Foedera 73 Higden; Rotuli Parliamentorum 74 Knighton 75 Goodman: John of Gaunt 76 Ibid.; Calendar of Patent Rolls; Westminster Chronicle; Walsingham; Rotuli Parliamentorum; Saul 77 Higden 78 Westminster Chronicle; Chancery Records: C.53 79 Walsingham; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.29; Lewis: "Indentures of retinue"

80 Rotuli Parliamentorum 81 Ibid.

82 Ibid.; Westminster Chronicle 83 Foedera 84 Goodman: John of Gaunt 85 Stow: London 86 For Ely Place, see, for example, Ashley; Dalzell; Stow: London; Goodman: John of Gaunt; McHardy; Sharman. After Elizabeth I had forced the Bishop of Ely to surrender Ely Place to the Crown in the late sixteenth century, Sir Christopher Hatton acquired the freehold hence the name Hatton Garden. The old palace was demolished in 1772, when the present Ely Place a gated cul-de-sac of Georgian houses, incorporating the Church of St Etheldreda was built; it still remains a sanctuary.

87 Calendar of Close Rolls; McHardy. The London Silver Vaults now partially occupy the site of the bishops" house.

88 Barron; Legge 89 Froissart 90 Armitage-Smith; Emden; Harriss; Goodman: John of Gaunt; Silva-Vigier; Le Neve 91 Dictionary of National Biography; Saul; Silva-Vigier 92 Leese 93 Boucicaut; Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denys; Froissart; Kirby 94 Additional MSS.

95 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 96 Froissart; Jones and Underwood 97 Froissart; Kirby; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28; Westminster Chronicle 98 Exchequer Records: E.403 99 Waleys Cartulary, rolls A1, A2, A4, A9, B9; Goodman: Katherine Swynford; Rosenthal, in which are to be found the printed checkroll lists; Wylie.

100 Jones, Major, Varley and Johnson 101 Goodman: John of Gaunt; Edinburgh University Library MS.183, f.135v 102 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 103 Kyngeston 104 Waleys Cartulary 105 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Goodman: Katherine Swynford 106 One of two adjoining Northamptonshire hamlets now known as Chapel Brampton and Church Brampton.

107 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Complete Peerage; Chancery Records: C.137; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28. The present Overstone Manor is a hotel dating from the 1930s and has nothing to do with the original manor house, which has long since disappeared; nor does anything remain of the mediaeval village, which was rebuilt in the eighteenth century.

108 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 109 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Wylie; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 110 Goodman: Redoubtable Countess; Tuck; Harriss 111 Waleys Cartulary 112 Foedera; Froissart (for example); Additional MSS.

113 Knighton 114 Froissart 115 Bruce 116 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 117 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28; Kyngeston 118 Victoria County History: Oxfordshire; Jacob 119 Higden 120 Walsingham 121 Jones, Major, Varley and Johnson 122 Goodman: Honourable Lady; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 123 Calendar of Patent Rolls; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 124 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem 125 Rotuli Parliamentorum; Armitage-Smith 126 Galbraith; Bruce 127 Westminster Chronicle; Walsingham; Palmer: England, France and Christendom 128 The date of her obit is given in John of Gaunt"s will as 24 March. Higden, Knighton and Walsingham all give the date incorrectly as the 25th.

9 "My Dearest Lady Katherine"

1 St Paul"s Cathedral MSS., B, Box 95 2 Goodman: John of Gaunt 3 Foedera 4 Walsingham 5 Adam of Usk; Stow: Annals; Froissart 6 The date is sometimes incorrectly given as 4 June, the day of Philippa"s birth, but in 1406, Mary"s obit was celebrated on 4 July, which must have been the anniversary of her death.

7 Leland 8 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 9 Walsingham; Westminster Chronicle; Knighton (who gives the dates). After St Mary"s College was suppressed in 1548, and the collegiate church demolished, Mary de Bohun"s remains were moved to the chapel of Trinity Hospital, Leicester. Tradition has long had it that that a chest tomb bearing a poorly preserved alabaster effigy of a woman, which dates from the late fourteenth century, is hers, but that is unlikely because the figure is wearing widow"s weeds, and we know that Henry V commissioned a copper effigy of his mother. The effigy is possibly that of Dame Mary Hervey, an early benefactress of the hospital.

10 Leland. Constance"s tomb was destroyed when St Mary"s Church was demolished during the Reformation.

11 Testamenta Eboracensia 12 Leland; Duffy 13 McKisack; Calendar of Close Rolls 14 Legge 15 Chancery Records: C.61 16 Tuck; Harriss; Jones and Underwood 17 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers 18 Ibid.

19 Jones and Underwood; Harriss 20 Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28 21 Froissart 22 Jones: Ducal Brittany 23 Goodman: John of Gaunt; Duchy of Lancaster Records: DL.28; Walsingham 24 Harriss 25 Walsingham 26 Chancery Records: C.53; Armitage-Smith; Harriss 27 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers 28 Walsingham; Complete Peerage; Monk of Evesham; Froissart 29 Goodman: Katherine Swynford 30 According to Harriss, who gives no evidence to support this date.

31 McHardy; Bishop Buckingham"s Register 32 Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers 33 Joy 34 Engraved by Dugdale and Gervase Holles in the seventeenth century. See Sanderson.

35 Dugdale: Book of Monuments; Holles 36 Lewis: Cult of St Katherine; Lucraft: Katherine Swynford. The Beaufort Hours is B.L. Royal MS. 2. AXVIII.

37 Froissart 38 For Pontefract, see Goodman: John of Gaunt; Armitage-Smith. The castle was dismantled by the Parliamentarians in 1648 after a year-long siege, and only ruins remain today.