Fairoka
One to 7 nuts in cl.u.s.ter in fancy frilled and rolled back husk. Nuts roundish, of fair size and color. Flavor, good. Leaves color well in fall. Has ornamental value.
Maroka
Medium-sized nut exposed in cl.u.s.ters 4 to 6. Open husk, folded back.
Ureoka
Medium size for Filazel. Thin-sh.e.l.led roundish nut, 4 to 6 in cl.u.s.ters.
Very short, partially closed husk.
Orvoka
Two to 5 nuts in cl.u.s.ter. Clean kernels. Husk half-inch longer than nut.
Has open side. Good cropper.
Brenoka
Long husk like parent hazel, but lacking p.r.i.c.kles of the wild. Medium sized nut in cl.u.s.ters, 1 to 4.
Eloka
Two to 4 in cl.u.s.ter. Medium sized nut with clean kernels in open husks.
No. 500
Four to 10 nuts in cl.u.s.ter. Has short open husk. Good-sized nut of Barcelona type. Is a good cropper of clean kernels. Sh.e.l.l heavy.
No. 502
Largest Barcelona type Filazel that has fruited to date. Cl.u.s.ters contain 4 to 8 nuts enclosed in heavy medium-length closed husks.
No. 503
One to 9 nuts in cl.u.s.ter, having clean, full kernels in thick sh.e.l.ls enclosed in short open husks.
No. 505
One to 6 nuts in cl.u.s.ter, having closed, medium length husks. A good cropper.
No. 509
Two to 6 roundish nuts in long closed husks free of p.r.i.c.kles so common on wild hazels. A good cropper. The parent hazels used for these crosses mature the nuts by the first of August and were winter hardy at-60 F.
in Peace River, Alberta.
Other Hazels
Manchurian short bush hazel, distinctive clipped off top on leaf with some colored (of reddish hue). This bush retains leaves all winter, and would make a good protective covering for wild life. Has well-flavored, clean kernels fully developed by August seventh, 1950. Kernel is enclosed in heavy, squat sh.e.l.ls encircled with distinctive short closed husk, as if folded together just covering nut. The leaf shape and markings carry through and appear in the young seedlings.
Experiments with Tree Hazels and Chestnuts
J. U. GELLATLY
Corylus jacquemontii
(Smooth Bark) India Tree Hazel
Tree No. 1. Location--N.W. corner Lot 6, subdivision Lot 487, Scions from Kew Botanical Garden, England. Top grafted on Craig filbert 10 feet from ground line. This made good annual growth and compatibly well adjusted unions, which after many years are still in line and not readily detected except by difference in color and character of bark--the grafted top being smooth and lighter of color than Craig stock. Although stocks were bearing when cut for grafting, and scions were from bearing trees and had catkins on when received, grafts were trained to take over and become the main growth and leading tree from the Craig crown. This grafted tree did not produce catkins or nuts for four or five years, but branches on the stock went right on bearing, as did also other Craig sections on same root crown or filbert clump used for grafting above tree hazel. At date of writing, and following the severest winter of the past 45 years, when temperatures dropped to -24 F., followed by brief, bright sunshine and rapid rise of temperature, all ungrafted filberts of over three to four inches in diameter are dead or nearly so, while suckers 2-1/2 inches in diameter and smaller are quite sound and making good growth. So, also, are the stocks or sections top grafted to the tree hazel--even the larger 4 to 4-1/2 inches in diameter trunks. I ask why, as by all ordinary results the grafted trees should have been the easiest damaged. This tree, and the other sections of filberts on same crown, had cropped for three years past, so that from that angle they should have been on an equal footing. Only a few cl.u.s.ters of nuts grew on this ~Corylus jacquemontii~ this 1950 season.
Data on tree size: Height 32 feet--was grafted about 10 feet above ground line. Circ.u.mference of tree--12 inches above ground is 15 inches.
At 4 inches below the graft, it is 10 inches, and the same four inches above graft union, which is very uniform, and if this combination could be reversed we would have an ideal non-suckering stock for commercial filbert orchards. ~Jacquemontii~ also buds well on cork bark ~C. colurna~ tree hazel.
Corylus jacquemontii Smooth Bark India Tree Hazel on Cork Bark Turkish Tree Hazel
Corylus colurna Stock
Tree No. 2 Location--S.W. corner of Lot 6, subdivision Lot 487. Budded August 15, 1941, at six feet from ground line, to one inch two year growth. Two years later top was removed and bud made to take over leadership. From then on it made good growth. Removal of top was not done at one operation, but first year leader was cut one-third way through, on long slope from bud downward on both sides, and allowed to callus over one year. Second year leader was cut further and when callused, top was then removed. This treatment gave good coverage of wound on trunk. Tree bore first crop 1949, eight years after budding.
Nuts 1/2 inch in diameter, moderate sh.e.l.l of roundish form, well filled, with good flavor, clean kernels. August 4, 1950--Tree has a base circ.u.mference at ten inches above ground of 18-1/2 inches--at six feet above, 14 inches--below union circ.u.mference is 14 inches, while four inches above union it is 11 inches. No evidence of any winter injury after taking a-24 F. temperature. No crop this year, but has a good crop of catkins showing for 1951.
Corylus hetrophyllia j.a.panese Tree Hazel
Tree No. 3. Location--N. W. corner of Lot 6, subdivision Lot 487. Scions from Kew Botanical Gardens, England, top grafted on Craig Filbert stocks 10 feet from ground line. Made very good union. Present circ.u.mference four inches below union is 7-3/4 inches, and four inches above union is 8 inches.
The bark on this graft is similar to the Craig on which it is growing but lighter in color. There is no winter injury in evidence at this date except a very much lighter crop than usual. Has small, oval, light-colored nut of good flavor and color--clean kernels.
Corylus colurna (Thin Bark) Turkish Tree Hazel, also Cork Bark
Tree No. 4. Source of Scions--Oregon, U.S.A. Top graft on Craig stock six feet above ground. This Craig filbert clump has several divisions.