Fairies and Folk of Ireland.

by William Henry Frost.

"SHOULD YOU ASK ME, WHENCE THESE STORIES?"

The story which runs through and makes up the bulk of this book is my own. The intention has been, however, to make it conform to the laws governing certain beings commonly regarded in this country as mythical, as those laws are revealed in the folk-lore of many peoples, and particularly of the Irish people. Almost every incident in which the fairies are concerned might occur, and very many of them do actually occur, in Irish folk-lore. But in a real folk-tale there are usually only two or three, or, at any rate, only a few, of the characteristic incidents, while this story attempts to combine many of them.

The shorter stories wherewith the main story is interspersed are all, to the best of my information and belief, genuine Irish folk-tales. I have told them in my own way, of course. I have sometimes condensed and sometimes elaborated them, but I have seldom, if ever, I think, materially changed their substance. I have never had the opportunity to collect such stories as these for myself, and if I had, I should probably find that I had not the ability. I have therefore had to turn for the substance of these tales to collections made by others--men whose patient and affectionate care and labor have preserved a great ma.s.s of the beautiful Irish legends, which, without them, might have died.

It seems hardly right to give to any one of these collectors a preference over the others by naming him first. But when I count up my indebtedness, I find that the book to which I owe more stories than to any other is Patrick Kennedy"s "Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts." From this book I have borrowed, as to their substance, the story of Earl Gerald, in Chapter II. of my own book; the story of the children of Lir, in the same chapter; the account of the changeling who was tempted by the bagpipes, which Naggeneen tells of himself, in Chapter V.; the changeling story which Mrs. O"Brien tells, in Chapter VI.; and the most of the story of Oisin, in Chapter IX., besides part of the story of the fairies" tune, in Chapter VII. With respect to Oisin I got a little help from an article on "The Neo-Latin Fay," by Henry Charles Coote, in "The Folk-Lore Record," Vol. II. The story of the fairies" tune is in part derived from T. Crofton Croker"s "Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland." This delightful book as well deserves the first place in my list as does Kennedy"s, for it gave me one of my most important stories, that of O"Donoghue, in Chapter I., and it gave me Naggeneen. Him I first saw, with Mr.

Croker"s help, sitting on the cask of port in the cellar of old MacCarthy of Ballinacarthy, as he himself describes in Chapter III. It is not enough to say that after that he came readily into my story; he simply could not be kept out of it. The tale of the fairies who wanted to question a priest, in Chapter X., is also from Croker. Mrs.

O"Brien"s method of getting rid of a changeling is founded on one of Croker"s stories, and a story almost exactly like it is told by Grimm.

There is also a form of it in Brittany. Two books by W.B. Yeats have been of much value--"Irish Fairy and Folk Tales" and "The Celtic Twilight." Of the former Mr. Yeats is the editor, rather than, in a strict sense, the author, though it contains some of his own work, and his introduction, notes, and other comments are of great interest.

From this book I have the story of Hudden, Dudden, and Donald, in Chapter VII. Mr. Yeats reproduces it from an old chap-book. A version of it is also found in Samuel Lover"s "Legends and Stories of Ireland." Those who like to compare the stories which they find in various places will not fail to note its likeness to Hans Christian Andersen"s "Big Claus and Little Claus." The story of the monk and the bird, in Chapter IX., Mr. Yeats reproduces from Croker, though not from the work of his which has already been mentioned. I could not resist the temptation to better the story, as I thought, by the addition of an incident from a German version of it, and everybody will remember the beautiful form in which it appears in Longfellow"s "The Golden Legend." From Mr. Yeats"s "The Celtic Twilight" I have the little story of the conversation between the diver and the conger, in Chapter II. It is a pleasure to refer to two such fine and scholarly works as Dr. Douglas Hyde"s "Beside the Fire" and William Larminie"s "West Irish Folk-Tales and Romances." From the former of these I have borrowed the substance of the story of Guleesh na Guss Dhu, in Chapter IV., and from the latter that of the ghost and his wives, in Chapter VII.

Having thus confessed my indebtedness, it would seem that my next duty was to pay it. I fear that I can pay it only with thanks. I have not taken a story from the work of any living collector without his permission. It thus becomes my pleasure, no less than my duty, to express my grat.i.tude to Mr. Yeats for permission to use the stories in "Irish Fairy and Folk Tales" and "The Celtic Twilight;" to Dr. Hyde for his permission to take what I chose from "Beside the Fire," and to Mr. Larminie and his publisher, Elliott Stock, for the same permission with regard to his "West Irish Folk-Tales and Romances." My thanks are equally due to Macmillan & Co., Limited, for permission to take stories from Kennedy"s "Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts," the rights to which they own. I wish to say also that in each of these cases the permission asked has been given with a readiness and a cordiality no less pleasing than the permission itself.

I have learned much concerning the ways of Irish fairies from Lady Wilde"s "Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superst.i.tions of Ireland"

and "Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland," and I have gained not a little from the books of William Carleton, especially his "Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry," but from none of these have I taken any considerable part of a story. Indeed I have found help, greater or less, in more books than I can name here.

It may seem by this time that I am like the lawyer who conceded this and that to his opponent till the judge said: "Do not concede any more; you conceded your whole case long ago." But I have not conceded my whole case. I have used the threads which others have spun, but I have done my own weaving. The shorter stories have been told before, but they have never been put together in this way before, and, as I said at first, the main story is my own.

W.H.F.

NEW YORK, September 1, 1900.

FAIRIES AND FOLK OF IRELAND

[Ill.u.s.tration:]

I

O"DONOGHUE

It was in a poor little cabin somewhere in Ireland. It does not matter where. The walls were of rough stone, the roof was of thatch, and the floor was the hard earth. There was very little furniture. Poor as it was, the whole place was clean. It is right to tell this, because, unhappily, a good many cabins in Ireland are not clean. What furniture there was had been rubbed smooth and spotless, and the few dishes that there were fairly shone. The floor was as carefully swept as if the Queen were expected.

The three persons who lived in the cabin had eaten their supper of potatoes and milk and were sitting before the turf fire. It had been a poor supper, yet a little of it that was left--a few potatoes, a little milk, and a dish of fresh water--had been placed on a bench outside the door. There was no light except that of the fire. There was no need of any other, and there was no money to spend on candles that were not needed.

The three who sat before the fire, and needed no other light, were a young man, a young woman, and an elderly woman. She did not like to be called old, for she said, and quite truly, that sixty was not old for anybody who felt as young as she did. This woman was Mrs. O"Brien. The young man was her son, John, and the young-woman was his wife, Kitty.

"Kitty," said John, "it"s not well you"re lookin" to-night. Are ye feelin" anyways worse than common?"

"It"s only a bit tired I am," said Kitty, "wid the work I was afther doin" all day. I"ll be as well as ever in the morning."

"It"s a shame, that it is," said John, "that ye have to be workin"

that way, day afther day, and you not sthrong at all. It"s a shame that I can"t do enough for the three of us, and the more, maybe, that there"ll be, but you must be at it, too, all the time."

"What nonsinse ye"re talkin", John," Kitty answered. "What would I be doin", settin" up here like a lady, doin" nothin", and you and mother workin" away like you was my servants? Did you think it was a d.u.c.h.ess or the daughter of the Lord Lieutenant ye was marryin", that ye"re talkin" that way?"

"And it"ll be worse a long time before it"s betther," John went on.

"Wid the three of us workin" all the time, we just barely get along.

And it"s the end of the summer now. What we"ll do at all when the winter comes, I dunno."

The older woman listened to the others and said nothing. Perhaps she had heard such talk as this so many times that she did not care to join in it again, or perhaps she was waiting to be asked to speak. For it was to her that these younger people always turned when they were in trouble. It was her advice and her opinion that they always asked when they felt that they needed a better opinion than their own. The three sat silent now for a time, and then John broke out, as if the talk had been going on in his mind all the while: "What"s the good of us tryin" to live at all?" he said. "Is livin" any use to us? We do nothin" but work all day, and eat a little to give us the strength to work the next day, and then we sleep all night, if we can sleep. And it"s that and nothing else all the year through. Are we any better when the year ends than we were when it began? If we"ve paid the rent, we"ve done well. We never do more."

"John," the old woman answered, "it"s not for us to say why we"re here or what for we"re living. It"s G.o.d that put us here, and He"ll keep us here till it"s our time to go. He has made it the way of all His creatures to provide for themselves and for their own, and to keep themselves alive while they can. When He"s ready for us to die, we die. That"s all we know. The rest is with Him."

"I know all that"s true, mother," said John; "but what is there for us to hope for, that we"ld wish to live? It"s nothing but work to keep the roof over us. We don"t even eat for any pleasure that"s in it--only so that we can work. If we rested for a day, we"ld be driven out of our house. If we rested for another day, we"ld starve. Is there any good to be hoped for such as us? Will there ever be any good times for Ireland? I mean for all the people in it."

"There will," the old woman said. "Everything has an end, and so these troubles of ours will end, and all the troubles of Ireland will end, too."

"And why should we believe that?" John asked again. "Wasn"t Ireland always the poor, unhappy country, and all the people in it, only the landlords and the agents, and why should we think it will ever be better?"

"Everything has an end," the old woman repeated. "Ireland was not always the unhappy country. It was happy once and it will be happy again. It"s not you, John O"Brien, that ought to be forgetting the good days of Ireland, long ago though they were. For you yourself are the descendant of King Brian Boru, and you know well, for it"s many times I"ve told you, how in his days the country was happy and peaceful and blessed. He drove out the heathen and saved the country for his people. He had strict laws, and the people obeyed them. In his days a lovely girl, dressed all in fine silk and gold and jewels, walked alone the length of Ireland, and there was no one to rob her or to harm her, because of the good King and the love the people had for him and for his laws. And you, that are descended from King Brian, ask if Ireland wasn"t always the poor, unhappy country."

"But all that was so long ago," said John; "near a thousand years, was it not? Since then it"s been nothing but sorrow for the country and for the people. What good is it to us that the country was happy in King Brian"s time? Will that help us pay the rent? And how we"ll pay the rent when the winter comes, I dunno, and if we don"t pay it we"ll be evicted."

"Shaun," said his mother, calling him by the Irish name that she used sometimes--"Shaun, we"ll not be evicted; never fear that. Things are bad, and they may be worse, but take my word, whatever comes, we"ll not be evicted."

"Mother," said the young man, "you never spoke the word, so far as I know, that wasn"t true, but I dunno how it"ll be this time. We"ve been workin" all we can and we only just manage to pay the rent and live, and here"s the summer over and the winter coming, and how will we pay the rent then?"

The mother did not answer this question directly. She began talking in a way that did not seem to have anything to do with the rent, though it really had something to do with it, in her own mind, and perhaps in her son"s mind too.

"It"s over-tired that you are with your hard day"s work, Shaun," she said, "and that and seeing Kitty so tired, too, has maybe made you look at things a little worse than they are. We"ve never been so bad off as many of our neighbors; you know that. And yet I know it"s been worse of late and harder for you than it might have been, and you can"t remember the better times that our family had, and that"s why you forget that the times were ever better. No, you wasn"t born then, but the time was when good luck seemed to follow your father and me everywhere and always. Yes, and the good luck has not all left us yet, though we had the bad luck to lose your father so long ago. We could not hope to be rich or happy while the whole country was in such distress as it"s been sometimes, yet there were always many that were worse off than we, and when I think of those days of "47 and "48 it makes the sorrows seem light that we"re suffering now. And I always know that whatever comes, there"ll be some good for me and mine while I live. I"ve told you how I know that, but you always forget, and I must tell you again."

They had not forgotten. They knew the story that was coming by heart, but they knew that the old woman liked to tell it, so they let her go on and said not a word.

For a little while, too, the old woman said not a word. She sat with her eyes closed, and smiling, as if she were in a dream. Then she began to speak softly, as if she were still only just waking out of a dream. "Blessed days there were," she said--"blessed days for Ireland once--long ago--many hundreds of years. O"Donoghue--it was he was the good King, and happy were his people. A fierce warrior he was to guard them from their enemies, and a just ruler to those who minded his laws. It was in the West that he ruled, by the beautiful Lakes of Killarney. The rich and the poor among his people were alike in one thing--they all had justice. He punished even his own son when he did wrong, as if he had been a poor man and a stranger.

"He gave grand feasts to his friends, and the greatest and the best men of all Erin came to sit at his table and to hear the wise words that he spoke. And the greatest bards of all Erin came to sing before him and his guests of the brave deeds of the heroes of old days and of the greatness and the goodness of O"Donoghue himself. At one of these feasts, after a bard had been singing of the n.o.ble days of Erin long ago, O"Donoghue began to speak of the years that were to come for Ireland. He told of much good and of much evil. He told how true and brave and n.o.ble men would live and work and fight and die for their country, and how cowards would betray her. He told of glory and he told of shame. He spoke of riches and honor, and poetry and beauty; he spoke of want and disgrace, and degradation and sorrow.

"Those who sat at his table listened to him in wonder. Sometimes their hearts swelled with pride at the n.o.ble lives and deeds of those who were to come after them, sometimes they wept at the sufferings that their children were to feel, and sometimes they hid their faces from each other in shame at the tales of cowardice and of treachery.

[Ill.u.s.tration: ""BLESSED DAYS THERE WERE," SHE SAID."]

"As he finished speaking he rose from the table, crossed the hall, and walked out at the door and down to the sh.o.r.e of the lake. The others followed him and watched him, full of wonder. They saw him go to the edge of the lake and then walk out upon it, as if the water had been firm ground under his feet. He walked far and far out on the bright lake as they stood and gazed at him. Then he turned toward them, he waved his hand in farewell, and he was gone. They saw him no more."

The old woman paused for a moment and the dreaming look came back to her face. Then she went on. "They saw him no more--but others saw him--and I have seen him. Every year, on the 1st of May, just as the sun is rising, he rides across the lake on his beautiful white horse.

He is not always seen, but sometimes a few can see him. And it always brings good luck to see O"Donoghue riding across the lake on May morning. And I saw him."

Again there was a pause, but she had no look of dreaming now. Her eyes were open and she seemed to be looking at something wonderful and beautiful that was far off. Slowly and softly she began speaking again. "I was a girl then. My father lived by the Lakes of Killarney.