34 HSP, Benjamin Fuller Letterbook, December 8, 1787.

35 HSP, Christopher Marshall Diary, December 10, 1787; HSP, Customs House Records, Port of Philadelphia, Outward Entries, September 1, 1786-December 29, 1787; LOC, Barry Collection, Letterbook, Asia, Various letters, December 10-20, 1787; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 335, 336.

36 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to Archibald McCall, December 20, 1787.

37 Ibid.

38 Ibid., Barry to McCall and Lewis, April 3, 1788; ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, "Patrick Hayes His Book January the 19, 1787" (Hayes Journal).

39 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to McCall and Lewis, April 3, 1788; King, Hattendorf, Estes, A Sea of Words, 141.

40 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to McCall and Lewis, April 3, 1788.

41 ISM, Hayes Journal; LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to McCall and Lewis, April 3, 1788.

42 Ibid.

43 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 338; Dudley, Crawford, Nixon, etc., 16.

44 PA Archives, Colonial Series, vol. XV, 389; LOC, LDC, Otis to Gerry, January 29, 1788.

45 ISM, Hayes Journal; King and Hattendorf, Harbors and High Seas, 91.

46 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, February 3, 1788; ISM, Hayes Journal.

47 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, June 11, 1788; ISM, Hayes Journal.

48 ISM, Hayes Journal.

49 Smith, The Empress of China, 89-90.

50 Ibid.

51 ISM, Hayes Journal.

52 Ibid.

53 Ibid.; Smith, The Empress of China, 126.

54 ISM, Hayes Journal; King and Hattendorf, Harbors and High Seas, 85; LOC, Letterbook, Asia, April 3, 1788.

55 ISM, Hayes Journal.

56 King, Harbors, 100.

57 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to McCall, Lewis, and Co. April 3, 1788; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 340; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 69.

58 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 69; ISM, Hayes Journal.

59 ISM, Hayes Journal.

60 Ibid.

61 Ibid.

62 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, April 11, 1788; ISM, Hayes Journal.

63 ISM, Hayes Journal.

64 Ibid.

65 Ibid.

66 Ibid.

67 Ibid.

68 Ibid.; "Narrative of Samuel Shaw," quoted in Smith, The Empress of China, 126.

69 Cordingly, Under the Black Flag, 75-78; ISM, Hayes Journal.

70 ISM, Hayes Journal.

71 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 70.

72 Ibid.; ISM, The Empress of China Journal, August 6 and 7, 1784; ISM, Hayes Journal.

73 ISM, Hayes Journal; King and Hattendorf, Harbors and High Seas, 162.

74 ISM, Hayes Journal; Pennsylvania Gazette, February 4, 1789.

75 ISM, Hayes Journal.

76 Ibid.; King and Hattendorf, Harbors and High Seas, 297.

77 ISM, Hayes Journal.

78 Ibid.; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 81.

79 "Narrative of Samuel Shaw," quoted in Smith, The Empress of China, 140.

80 ISM, Hayes Journal.

81 Ibid.

82 Ibid.

83 Ibid.

84 Pennsylvania Gazette, July 2, 1788.

85 Watson, Annals, vol. II, 343.

86 LOC, Letterbook, Asia, Barry to Josiah, December 27, 1788; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 344.

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: THE CHINA TRADE.

1 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 3.

2 Ibid., 3-4.

3 Smith, The Empress of China, 147.

4 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 5.

5 Ibid., 6.

6 Ibid., 7, 4.

7 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, "Memorandum relating to the Trade at Canton."

8 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 71.

9 Smith, The Empress of China, 140.

10 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 72.

11 Smith, The Empress of China, 160-161; Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 9.

12 Smith, The Empress of China, 147.

13 ISM, China Memorandum; Lee, Philadelphia and the China Trade, 40.

14 ISM, China Memorandum.

15 Smith, The Empress of China, 150-151.

16 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 72.

17 Ibid.

18 Smith, The Empress of China, 148.

19 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 19; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 72.

20 ISM, China Memorandum.

21 Ibid.

22 Smith, The Empress of China, 148.

23 Ibid.; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 72; Corner, ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, 222.

24 Smith, The Empress of China, 148.

25 Ibid.

26 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 73; Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 18; Library Company of Philadelphia, Benjamin Rush Commonplace Book, 1792-1813, June 30, 1789.

27 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 73; Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 18.

28 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 18, 19.

29 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 73, 83, 72; King and Hattendorf, Harbors and High Seas, 393; Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 19.

30 Smith, The Empress of China, 153; ISM, China Memorandum.

31 Smith, The Empress of China, 149.

32 Ibid.; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 74.

33 Smith, The Empress of China, 149, 9.

34 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 21.

35 Ibid.; ISM, China Memorandum.

36 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 21; ISM, China Memorandum.

37 Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 74.

38 Ibid.; Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 8.

39 Hawes, To the Farthest Gulf, 8; Lee, Philadelphia and the China Trade; Smith, The Empress of China, 36.

40 ISM, China Memorandum.

41 Ibid.

42 Ibid.; Christman, Adventurous Pursuits, 73; PMHB, Haverford College, Charles Roberts Autograph Collection, Josiah-Barry Correspondence, August 28, September 25, October 9, 1788.

43 Smith, The Empress of China, 152; Ferguson, Truxton of the Constellation, 75.