90 LOC, GWP, Barry to Washington, March 9, 1778.

91 Ibid.

92 NDAR, vol. 11, 559.

93 O"Neill, Patrick O"Brian"s Navy, 57.

94 LOC, GWP, Smallwood to Washington, March 16, 1778; Barry to Washington, March 9, 1778.

95 NDAR, vol. 11, 559-560.

96 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 152.

97 NDAR, vol. 11, 559.

98 Ibid., 560; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 153.

99 NDAR, vol. 11, 804.

100 Ibid., 559, 663, 560.

101 Ibid., 804.

102 Cooper, History of the Navy of the United States of America, 74.

103 NDAR, vol. 11, 560.

104 Ibid., 559.

105 Pennsylvania Gazette, March 21, 1778.

106 JCC, Marine Committee Letter Book, Marine Committee to Barry, March 11, 1778.

107 LOC, GWP, Washington to Barry, March 12, 1778.

108 LDC, William Ellery to William Varnum, March 16, 1778.

109 NDAR, vol. 11, 618, Hamond to Captain Charles Phipps, R.N., 312/78.

110 LOC, GWP, Smallwood to Washington, March 17, 1778; Pennsylvania Ledger, March 25, 1778; Royal Gazette, March 17 and 24, 1778, quoted in Griffin, Commodore John Barry, 76-77.

111 LOC, GWP, Barry to Washington, March 20, 1778; Smallwood to Washington, March 20, 1778.

112 LDC, Marine Committee Letter Book, Marine Committee to Barry, March 26, 1778.

113 LOC, GWP, Barry to Washington, April 6, 1778.

114 LOC, GWP, Barry to Washington, April 11, 1778; Washington to Barry, April 15, 1778.

115 JCC, Marine Committee to Navy Board, April 24, 1778.

116 Matthewman, "Narrative of Lieutenant Luke Matthewman," 178.

117 Jackson, With the British Army in Philadelphia, 226.

118 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 154.

119 PRO, M 60, Secretary of Admiralty, Philip Stevens; Pennsylvania Packet, June 16, 1778; New Jersey Gazette, May 13, 1778.

120 From a ma.n.u.script by Colonel James Read, quoted in Gurn, Commodore John Barry, 97.

121 Ibid.

122 Pennsylvania Packet, June 6, 1778; Hastings, The Life and Works of Francis Hopkinson, 229.

123 PRO 60, May 10, 1778; Taafe, The Philadelphia Campaign, 1777-1778, 189.

124 LOC, GWP, Washington to Philemon d.i.c.kenson, May 13, 1778.

125 ISM, Barry Memorial to Congress, 1785; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 155.

126 DNA, GWP, Barry to Washington, May 30, 1782; Jackson, With the British Army in Philadelphia, 260.

CHAPTER EIGHT: THE Raleigh.

1 Van Powell, American Navies of the Revolutionary War, 58.

2 Miller, Sea of Glory, 311.

3 Fowler, Rebels Under Sail, 111.

4 LOC, Marine Committee Letter Book, Marine Committee to John Bradford, April 28, 1778.

5 Fowler, Rebels Under Sail, 111.

6 Miller, Sea of Glory, 302.

7 For a thorough story of Wickes"s brilliant career, see Clark, Lambert Wickes.

8 NDAR, vol. 11, 1175, Eyewitness Account of Engagement Between Continental Navy Frigate Randolph and HMS Yarmouth, August 21, 1801; Miller, Sea of Glory, 322.

9 NDAR, vol. 11, 848-849, Journal of HMS Richmond, Captain John Lewis Gidoin, March 31, 1778.

10 Miller, Sea of Glory, 317-318.

11 Van Powell, American Navies of the Revolutionary War, 94; Millar, American Ships of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods, 228, 253, 229; Chappelle, The American Sailing Navy, 69, 71.

12 Ibid.; Van Powell, American Navies of the Revolutionary War, 94.

13 Millar, American Ships of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods, 234, 228-29; Cooper, History of the Navy of the United States of America, 70.

14 Miller, Sea of Glory, 314-315, 351; Cooper, History of the Navy of the United States of America, 74; LDC, Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, May 8, 1778.

15 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, John Brown to John Barry, May 21, 1778.

16 PA Archives, series II, vol. III, 154.

17 Ibid., 155.

18 LDC, Samuel Adams to James Warren, June 1, 1778.

19 MS Papers, Marine Committee Letter Book, May 30, 1778.

20 LDC, Adams to Warren, June 1, 1778.

21 Boston Packet, June 14, 1778.

22 LDC, Warren to Samuel Adams, June 26, 1778.

23 FDR Library, Barry to Robert Morris, September 3, 1778.

24 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 158.

25 Misc. Papers, Marine Committee Letter Book, Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, June 19, 1778.

26 Samuel Adams Papers, Vol. 11, 2194-2197, James Warren to Sam Adams, July 5, 1778.

27 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 159.

28 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Barry, September 28, 1778.

29 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, July 11, 1778.

30 FDR Library, Barry to Robert Morris, September 3, 1778; LDC, Warren to Sam Adams, June 26, 1778.

31 LDC, vol. 10, Sam Adams to James Warren; Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, July 24, August 12, August 5, 1778.

32 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, July 24, 1778; Marine Committee to J. Beatty, July 30, August 8, 1778.

33 London Public Advertiser, November 27, 1778, no. 12772; PRO, Admiralty Records, 32/441, Deposition of David Phipps; Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 174.

34 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to John Barry, September 28, 1778.

35 Tuchman, First Salute, 160.

36 FDR Collection, Barry to Morris, September 3, 1778.

37 Fowler, The Baron of Beacon Hill, 235-37; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 162.

38 FDR Library, Barry to Morris, September 21, 1778.

39 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Barry, August 24, 1778.

40 Paullin, Out-Letters, vol. 1, 288.

41 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Barry, August 28, 1778.

42 Ibid., Marine Committee to Eastern Navy Board, September 14, 1778.

43 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Barry to Continental Navy Board, Eastern Dept., September 17, 1778.

44 FDR Library, Barry to Morris, September 3, 1778.

45 LDC, vol. 10, Marine Committee to Johns Wadsworth, September 14, 1778.

46 FDR Library, Barry to Morris, September 3, 1778.

47 Government House, Newfoundland Website Project.

48 Fowler, Rebels Under Sail, 65.

49 Millar, American Ships of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods, 35-36.

50 Pennsylvania Evening Post, "J. P-ke to Captain James Wallace, H.M.S. Rose, Newport," August 24, 1775.

51 New York Gazette and the Weekly Mercury, February 16, 1778.

52 PRO, Admiralty 32/436/10 Libel Papers, U.S. frigate Raleigh, October 14, 1778.

53 ISM, Barry"s Defence of the Raleigh, 1778.

54 New Hampshire Gazette, May 2, 1776; ISM, Barry"s Defence of the Raleigh, 1778.

55 ISM, Barry"s Defence of the Raleigh, 1778.

56 Ibid.

57 Ibid.

58 PRO, Admiralty, 51/107, Captain"s Journal, Unicorn, September 25, 1778.

59 Ibid.; ISM, Barry"s Defence of the Raleigh, 1778.